Array Antenna for IoT and Satellite Network Integration in Real-Time Disaster Prevention Monitoring

Natural disasters pose significant risks to human life, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability, particularly in geographically isolated regions where communication infrastructure is limited or unavailable. The lack of reliable connectivity in such areas often delays disaster detection, information dissemination, and emergency response. This study proposes the development of a multi-access array antenna system designed to support the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensing networks and satellite communication for real-time disaster prevention monitoring. The proposed system aims to provide a robust communication framework capable of transmitting environmental monitoring data from remote sensor nodes to centralized monitoring platforms through satellite-based connectivity. The research focuses on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a microstrip-based array antenna operating in the 2.4 GHz band, optimized to achieve high gain, improved directivity, and stable signal propagation suitable for hybrid IoT–satellite communication environments. The antenna array is designed using electromagnetic simulation tools to analyze key performance parameters, including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and antenna gain. The fabricated prototype is integrated with an AIoT-based monitoring platform that collects environmental data from multiple disaster-related sensors, such as rainfall sensors, anemometers for storm detection, soil moisture sensors for landslide monitoring, and ultrasonic sensors for flood detection. The data are transmitted through a satellite-enabled network infrastructure, allowing continuous monitoring even in areas lacking terrestrial communication networks. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed antenna array significantly enhances communication reliability and coverage compared to conventional single-element antennas, enabling stable data transmission in remote environments. The integration of multi-access antenna technology with AIoT and satellite networks offers an effective solution for real-time environmental monitoring and early disaster warning systems. This research contributes to the advancement of adaptive antenna technology and hybrid communication systems, providing a scalable framework for disaster mitigation infrastructure in geographically isolated regions.