Digital Payment Infrastructure and Household Consumption Growth: Evidence from QRIS and BI FAST in Indonesia
This study examines whether the expansion of digital payment infrastructure stimulates household consumption growth in Indonesia. Using a balanced provincial panel covering 2019 to 2024, it estimates the effects of QRIS merchant density and BI FAST exposure on real household consumption per capita through a fixed effects model that controls for regional heterogeneity, macroeconomic shocks, […]